Table 1.
Characteristics of the sample at baseline and 32 weeks gestation.
| Control | Case | Statistical test and significance | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 53–57) | (n = 46–49) | ||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 32.2 (4.4) | 30.7 (6.7) | t(80.4) = 1.3, p = 0.20 |
| Ethnicity, white, n (%) | 43 (75.4) | 24 (49.0) | χ2(1) = 7.9, p = 0.008 |
| Education, A level or higher, n (%) | 53 (93.0) | 31 (63.3) | χ2(1) = 14.1, p 0.001 |
| Employment status, working outside the home, n (%) | 46 (80.7) | 26 (53.1) | χ2(1) = 9.2, p = 0.003 |
| Classification of employment, professional or managerial, n (%) | 41 (71.9) | 18 (36.7) | χ2(1) = 13.2, p < 0.001 |
| Marital status, married or cohabiting, n (%) | 50 (87.7) | 22 (44.9) | χ2(1) = 22.2, p < 0.001 |
| IMD score, mean (SD) | 28.6 (8.0) | 32.2 (10.2) | t(87.5) = −2.2, p = 0.031 |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI, mean (SD) | 23.1 (3.8) | 24.6 (4.5) | z = −1.73, p = 0.08 |
| Cigarette use in index pregnancy, n (%) | 2 (3.7) | 17 (35.4) | χ2(1) = 16.9, p < 0.001 |
| Antidepressant before baseline, n (%) | 0 | 4 (8.2) | χ2(1) = 4.8, p = 0.043 |
| Antidepressant after baseline, n (%) | 0 | 4 (8.2) | χ2(1) = 4.8, p = 0.043 |
| BDI score at baseline, mean (SD) | 3.8 (2.6) | 19.3 (11.4) | t(42.0) = −8.5, p = 0.001 |
| STAIS score at baseline, mean (SD) | 27.4 (6.8) | 50.8 (12.8) | t(57.1)=-10.6, p = 0.001 |
| BDI score at 32 wks. gestation, mean (SD) | 3.4 (2.6) | 14.1 (10.3) | t(31.7) = −5.4, p = 0.001 |
| STAIS score at 32 wks. gestation, mean (SD) | 29.3 (8.3) | 48.3 (14.0) | t(47.5) = −6.3, p = 0.001 |
Bold values signify statistical significance.