Table 1.
Cell models used to study aSyn spreading.
| Model | Mutation | Result | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| SH-SY5Y | None | aSyn can be transferred from one cell to another via exosomes | Alvarez-Erviti et al., 2011 |
| N2a; primary hippocampal neuron; N2aprnp−/− | None | Prp facilitates the accumulation and spreading of aSyn aggregates in N2a cells and primary hippocampal neurons | Aulic et al., 2017 |
| HEK293T | None | Used to titer the viral vectors | Azeredo da Silveira et al., 2009 |
| Primary cortical neurons; primary astrocytes; human Lewy body incubation | None | Quantification of aSyn uptake in neurons and astrocytes | Cavaliere et al., 2017 |
| SH-SY5Y; primary cortical neurons; mouse cortical NSCs; aSyn expression using recombinant AdV | None | aSyn uptaken by cells; observed cell-to-cell propagation | Desplats et al., 2009 |
| SH-SY5Y | None | Cell to cell transfer in a 3D human neuron-like cell model | Domert et al., 2016 |
| SH-SY5Y; Tet-off system | None | aSyn is secreted through an endosomal pathway | Emmanouilidou et al., 2010 |
| HEK293; SH-SY5Y; SKMe15: N2A/SKMe15 coculture; CM with aSyn oligos | None | aSyn can transfer between cells and seed the assembly of soluble aSyn | Hansen et al., 2011 |
| Primary oligodendrocites; MN9D; Oli-neu; OLN93 | A53T | Oligodendrocytes, Oli-neu, and OLN-93 uptake aSyn. Uptake is inhibited when clathrin heavy chain is silenced | Kisos et al., 2012 |
| Primary cortical neurons; SH-SY5Y; KG1C; PC12 | A30P; A53T | Incorporated aSyn oligomers form cytoplasmic inclusions | Konno et al., 2012 |
| SH-SY5Y | None | aSyn is secreted through exocytosis | Lee et al., 2005 |
| SH-SY5Y | A30P; A53T | High level of expression | Lo Bianco et al., 2002 |
| Primary neurons; primary astrocytes; fibril administration | None | Transfer from neurons to astrocytes | Loria et al., 2017 |
| Primary neuron, microglial and astrocyte culture; COS-7; HeLa; HEK293FT; SH-SY5Y; PFF administration; PFF with biotin; aSyn-biotin PFF administration | LAG3−/− | Pathologic aSyn transmission and toxicity is initiated by binding to LAG3 and that neuron-to-neuron transmission of pathological aSyn involves the endocytosis of exogenous ASyn PFF by the engagement of LAG3 on neurons | Mao et al., 2016 |
| B103; human exosome incubation | None | Exosomes internalized by endocytosis | Ngolab et al., 2017 |
| HEK293; infected with MSA and PD samples | A53T | Samples from MSA patients could be transmitted to cultured HEK cells but not samples from PD | Prusiner et al., 2015 |
| OLN-93 | None | Capture of monomers, oligomers and fibrils | Reyes et al., 2014 |
| N2a; neuronal iPS; CM | None | Transfer from neuron to neuron | Reyes et al., 2015 |
| HEK293; PC12 | None | High level of expression | Yamada et al., 2004 |
CM, conditioned media; MSA, Multiple System Atrophy; PFF, Pre-formed fibril.