Fig. 1.
Infusion of BDNF into the dentate gyrus of hippocampus decreases escape failure in the LH paradigm. Animals were exposed to IES as described in Materials and Methods and then were administered the antidepressants or neurotrophic factors as indicated before conditioned avoidance testing. Imipramine (IMI) and fluoxetine (FLX) were administered for 7 d. BDNF, NT-3, NGF, or saline (SAL) was administered via bilateral infusion into the dentate gyrus at the doses indicated, and animals were tested in conditioned avoidance 3 d later. Escape failure and latency to escape were determined, and the results are expressed as mean ± SEM. The number of animals is listed under eachcolumn. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 when compared with saline-injected controls (ANOVA and Scheffe's test).Left top, F(2,15) = 15.38; p = 0.0002; left bottom,F(2,15) = 9.282; p= 0.0024; right top,F(5,77) = 10.050; p< 0.0001; right bottom,F(5,77) = 10.872; p< 0.0001.