Table 1.
Demographic data, pS-α-syn-RBC level, and clinical characteristics of the study subjects.
| Variables | Control | Total MSA | p values | MSA-P | MSA-C | p values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic data | ||||||
| No. | 220 | 107 | NA | 48 | 59 | NA |
| Gender (male/female) | 127/93 | 61/46 | 0.512c | 27/21 | 30/29 | 0.494c |
| Age (years) | 66.67 ± 10.99 | 67.49 ± 8.72 | 0.918a | 60.03 ± 9.65 | 61.90 ± 10.61 | 0.439a |
| pS-α-syn-RBC level (ng/mg) | 11.89 ± 3.57 | 14.02 ± 4.02 | p < 0.001b | 13.27 ± 1.91 | 12.19 ± 3.04 | p=0.025b |
|
| ||||||
| Clinical features | ||||||
| No. | 91 | 75 | NA | 33 | 42 | NA NA |
| Education (years) | 10.69 ± 2.95 | 9.91 ± 4.73 | 0.221a | 8.33 ± 4.52 | 11.15 ± 4.57 | 0.009 a |
| Age at onset (AAO, years) | NA | 58.15 ± 9.85 | NA | 57.24 ± 9.48 | 58.86 ± 10.18 | 0.485a |
| Disease duration (years) | NA | 2.93 ± 2.02 | NA | 2.77 ± 2.44 | 3.06 ± 1.63 | 0.076b |
| H&Y (median, 25%, 75%) | NA | 3 (3, 4) | NA | 3 (3, 4) | 3 (3, 4) | 0.819c |
| UMSARS I | 1.00 ± 1.77 | 16.21 ± 7.77 | <0.001 b | 13.67 ± 7.01 | 18.21 ± 7.82 | 0.022 b |
| UMSARS II | 0.26 ± 0.66 | 25.13 ± 13.53 | <0.001 b | 25.61 ± 15.64 | 24.76 ± 11.79 | 0.791b |
| UMSARS IV (median, 25%, 75%) | 1 (1, 1) | 2 (2, 3) | <0.001 c | 2 (2, 2) | 2 (2, 3) | 0.288c |
| MoCA score | 25.65 ± 2.59 | 20.27 ± 5.92 | <0.001 b | 19.61 ± 6.16 | 20.79 ± 5.75 | 0.589b |
| AHRS score | 23.57 ± 1.85 | 22.93 ± 3.06 | 0.091b | 23.27 ± 2.27 | 22.67 ± 3.56 | 0.796b |
| RBDQ-HK score | 4.81 ± 4.30 | 28.23 ± 17.76 | <0.001 b | 31.10 ± 17.47 | 25.81 ± 17.82 | 0.013 b |
| HAMD score | 1.77 ± 2.25 | 9.55 ± 6.09 | <0.001 b | 9.95 ± 6.17 | 9.95 ± 6.11 | 0.860b |
| HAMA score | 4.02 ± 3.67 | 7.17 ± 6.05 | <0.001 b | 8.09 ± 5.91 | 6.45 ± 6.13 | 0.118b |
All data are expressed as mean ± SD. Bold: p < 0.05. aT-test; bMann-Whitney U test; cChi-square test. MSA, multiple system atrophy; MSA-P, MSA with predominant parkinsonism; MSA-C, MSA with predominant cerebellar ataxia; UMSARS, Unified Multiple System Atrophy Rating Scale; H&Y stage, Hoehn and Yahr stage; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; AHRS, Hyposmia Rating Scale; RBDQ-HK, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder questionnaire-Hong Kong; HAMD, Hamilton Depression Scale; HAMA, Hamilton Anxiety Scale; NA, not applicable.