Table 3.
Failure of translation of experimental therapies from the animal model to the clinical practice (selected examples).
| Therapy | Results in MS patients | References |
|---|---|---|
| Anti-TNF-α mAb infliximab | Increased MRI activity | van Oosten et al. (1996) |
| Anti-CD3 and anti-CD4 antibodies | No significant clinical effect | Wiendl and Hohlfeld (2002) |
| Anti-CD28 mAb TGN-1412 | Cytokine storm causing multiple organ failure | Hünig (2007) |
| Altered peptide ligands | Anaphylactic reactions and exacerbation of MS | Bielekova et al. (2000), Kappos et al. (2000) |
| Oral tolerogens | No significant clinical effect | Faria and Weiner (2006) |
| Sulfasalazine | Only transient clinical effect | Noseworthy et al. (1998) |
| Linomide | Cardiopulmonary toxicity | Noseworthy et al. (2000) |
The table is reproduced from Mix et al. (2008) with permission of the publisher (Springer).