Table 3.
Clinical management and outcomes of study population
| Study population (n=257) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score on day 1 of critical illness* | 11 (8–13), 221 | |
| Lowest PaO2 to FiO2 ratio on day 1 of critical illness (mm Hg)† | 129 (80–203), 222 | |
| Respiratory support | ||
| Non-rebreathing oxygen face mask | 115 (45%, 39–51) | |
| High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy | 12 (5%, 3–8) | |
| Non-invasive ventilation | 3 (1%, 0–3) | |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation | 203 (79%, 74–84) | |
| Duration of invasive mechanical ventilation (days) | 18 (9–28) | |
| Settings and parameters during first 24 h of invasive mechanical ventilation | ||
| Highest PEEP (cm H2O) | 15 (12–18) | |
| Highest FiO2 (%) | 1·0 (0·8–1·0) | |
| Tidal volume (mL per kg predicted bodyweight) | 6·2 (5·9–7·2), 195 | |
| Minute ventilation (L/min) | 8 (6–10) | |
| Plateau airway pressure (cm H2O) | 27 (23–31), 165 | |
| Respiratory system compliance (mL/cm H2O) | 27 (22–36), 165 | |
| Driving pressure (cm H2O) | 15 (11–18), 165 | |
| Advanced therapies for acute respiratory failure | ||
| Early neuromuscular blockade‡ | 51/203 (25%, 20–32) | |
| Inhaled nitric oxide | 22/203 (11%, 7–16) | |
| Prone-positioning ventilation | 35/203 (17%, 13–23) | |
| Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation | 6/203 (3%, 1–6) | |
| Received tracheostomy | 17/203 (8%, 5–13) | |
| Vasopressors | 170 (66%, 60–72) | |
| Renal replacement therapy | 79 (31%, 25–37) | |
| Antiviral agent | ||
| Hydroxychloroquine | 185 (72%, 66–77) | |
| Remdesivir | 23 (9%, 6–13) | |
| Antibacterial agent | 229 (89%, 85–92) | |
| Immunomodulatory agent | ||
| Corticosteroid | 68 (26%, 21–32) | |
| Interleukin-6 receptor antagonist | 44 (17%, 13–22) | |
| Outcomes | ||
| Died in hospital | 101 (39%, 34–45) | |
| Duration of hospitalisation prior to death (days) | 9 (5–15) | |
| Remained hospitalised | 94 (37%, 31–43) | |
| Transferred to another hospital | 4 (2%, 0–4) | |
| Discharged alive | 58 (23%, 18–28) | |
| Required supplemental oxygen at discharge | 12/58 (21%, 12–33) | |
Data are median (IQR) or n (%), with 95% Wilson score CIs. Data are median (IQR), n if fewer patients were assessed for those outcomes than the total number of patients in the study. The study population was admitted to hospital between March 2 and April 1, 2020. Follow-up time was right-censored on April 28, 2020. PaO2=partial pressure of arterial oxygen. FiO2=fraction of inspired oxygen. PEEP=positive end-expiratory pressure.
Mental status assessment of alert, responsive to voice, pain, or unresponsive also converted to Glasgow Coma Scale for calculation.14
FiO2of 0·90 used for patients receiving supplemental oxygen at 15 L/min through non-rebreathing face mask.
Administered within 48 h of initiation of invasive mechanical ventilation.