Table 1.
Demographics of the 115 participants included in this study categorised by the clinical diagnosis assigned at each plasma collection timepoint and then neuropathological diagnosis given at post-mortem
| Timepoint 1 | Timepoint 2 | Timepoint 3 | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Years to post-mortem, mean (range) | 7.9 (6.33–9.4) | 4.2 (2.9–6.1) | 2.1 (0.9–3.2) | ||||||||||
| Clinical diagnosis | All (n = 111) |
CU (n = 28) |
MCI (n = 6) |
AD dementia (n = 77) |
All (n = 100) |
CU (n = 24) |
MCI (n = 5) |
AD dementia (n = 71) |
All (n = 87) |
CU (n = 20) |
MCI (n = 5) |
AD dementia (n = 62) |
|
| Number of participants | 111 | 28 | 6 | 77 | 100 | 24 | 5 | 71 | 87 | 20 | 5 | 62 | |
| Age, mean years (SD) | 82.0 (7.1) | 82.2 (6.5) | 87.1 (6.1) | 81.7 (7.6) | 87.0 (6.9) | 86.2 (7.3) | 90.2 (6.0) | 84.7 (7.4) | 89.1 (7.0) | 88.4 (7.1) | 91.6 (6.5) | 87.1 (7.1) | |
| Sex, n (% females) | 64 (57.5) | 18 (64.3) | 4 (66.7) | 42 (53.9) | 60 (60.0) | 15 (62.5) | 3 (60.) | 42 (59.2) | 53 (60.9) | 13 (65.0) | 4 (0.8) | 36 (58.1) | |
| MMSE score, mean (SD) | 17.7 (10.5) | 29.2* (0.91) | 26.3* (1.33) | 12.3 (8.9) | 15.8 (11.0) | 28.3* (1.2) | 26.0* (1.5) | 10.5 (6.7) | 14.9 (11.3) | 28.7* (1.3) | 22.0* (3.5) | 8.7 (7.5) | |
| p-tau181, mean pg/mL (SD) | 25.6 (11.3) | 19.3* (9.9) |
26.7 (11.0) |
28.4 (9.6) |
29.4 (11.8) | 20.7* (6.7) | 31.7 (18.8) | 34.1 (11.1) | 29.3 (10.7) | 21.7* (12.2) | 28.7 (6.3) | 31.8 (10.2) | |
| Timepoint 1 | Timepoint 2 | Timepoint 3 | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Years to post-mortem, mean (range) | 7.9 (6.33–9.4) | 4.2 (2.9–6.1) | 2.1 (0.9–3.2) | ||||||||||
| Neuropathological diagnosis | All (n = 111) |
Control (n = 11) |
Non-AD (n = 33) |
AD (n = 67) |
All (n = 100) |
Control (n = 9) |
Non-AD (n = 28) |
AD (n = 63) |
All (n = 87) |
Control (n = 8) |
Non-AD (n = 23) |
AD (n = 56) |
|
| Age, mean (SD) | 82.0 (7.1) | 83.9 (5.5) | 82.0 (7.1) | 81.8 (7.6) | 87.0 (6.9) | 86.0 | 82.5 | 84.1 | 89.1 (7.0) | 89.2 | 86.4 | 84.4 | |
| Sex (% females) | 64 (57.5) | 8 (61.5) | 18 (54.5) | 38 (56.7) | 60 (60.0) | 6 (66.7) | 16 (57.1) | 38 (60.3) | 53 (60.9) | 5 (62.5) | 13 (56.4) | 35 (62.5) | |
| MMSE score, mean (SD) | 17.7 (10.5) | 28.8*+ (1.2) | 19.1 (7.2) | 15.2 (9.9) | 15.8 (11.0) | 28.6*+ (1.1) | 16.9 (6.7) | 13.3 (8.7) | 14.9 (11.3) | 28.7* (0.8) | 15.6* (6.3) | 8.8 (13.4) | |
| p-tau181, mean pg/mL (SD) | 25.6 (11.3) | 18.1* (5.7) | 17.3* (4.0) | 30.5 (11.6) | 29.4 (11.8) | 18.7* (6.1) | 19.5* (3.2) | 35.4 (12.5) | 29.3 (10.7) | 20.4* (2.5) | 20.9* (4.1) | 34.0 (10.3) | |
NB: AD neuropathology group includes AD with no reported co-pathology (n = 25), AD plus cerebral amyloid angiopathy (n = 21), AD plus Lewy body pathology (LBD, n = 10), AD plus TDP43 pathology (n = 15). The non-AD pathology group includes 4R tauopathies (cortical basal degeneration, n = 2, progressive supranuclear palsy n = 2, argyrophilic grain disease, n = 5), cerebral amyloid angiopathy (n = 5), frontotemporal lobe degeneration (n = 5), Lewy body dementia (n = 7), vascular dementia (n = 7). Age and MMSE differences between clinical or neuropathological diagnoses in each timepoint were assessed with a one-way ANOVA followed by a pairwise Tukey corrected pairwise post hoc comparisons. Differences in sex distribution were assessed with a Pearson’s χ2 test. Significant differences compared to AD dementia or AD are depicted with an asterisk (*). Significant differences compared to non-AD pathology are depicted with a plus (+)