Table 2.
Demographics and clinical characteristics of patients included in the analyses.
| Characteristic | Patients with PDa (n=18) | Controls (n=24) | |||
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 65.0 (60.5-69.0) | 67.5 (55.0-70.0) | |||
| Gender (men), n (%) | 11 (61) | 13 (54) | |||
| Most affected sideb and hand dominance, n (%) |
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Most affected=dominant | 8 (44) | N/Ac | ||
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Most affected=nondominant | 8 (44) | N/A | ||
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Mixed handedness | 2 (11) | N/A | ||
| Time since diagnosis of PD (years), median (IQR) | 6.5 (4.8-10.3) | N/A | |||
| Use of dopaminergic medication, n (%) |
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Levodopa only | 6 (33) | N/A | ||
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Levodopa and dopamine agonist | 10 (55) | N/A | ||
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Levodopa and MAO-Bd inhibitor | 1 (6) | N/A | ||
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Levodopa, dopamine agonist, and MAO-B inhibitor | 1 (6) | N/A | ||
| Hoehn & Yahr stage, n (%) |
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Stage 1 | 1 (6) | N/A | ||
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Stage 2 | 13 (72) | N/A | ||
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Stage 3 | 4 (22) | N/A | ||
| MDS-UPDRSe (scores on subscales), median (IQR) |
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Part I (scale range: 0 to 52) | 9.5 (7.8-15.0) | 3.0 (0.3-4.0) | ||
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Part II (scale range: 0 to 52) | 11.0 (8.5-15.3) | 0.0 (0.0-0.0)f | ||
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Part III (off state) (scale range: 0 to 132) | 41.5 (31.5-57.8) | 6.5 (4.3-11.0) | ||
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Part III (on state) (scale range: 0 to 132) | 28.0 (18.5-38.0) | N/A | ||
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Part IVg (scale range: 0 to 24) | 6.0 (4.5-9.3) | N/A | ||
| AIMSh (scale range: 0 to 40), n (%) |
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0 | 13 (72) | 20 (83) | ||
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1-3 | 2 (11) | 3 (13) | ||
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>3 | 3 (17) | 1 (4)i | ||
| TUGj (median of 4 trials, in seconds), median (IQR) |
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Off state | 12.0 (11.3-13.7) | 10.0 (9.3-10.8) | ||
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On state | 11.4 (9.7-12.4) | N/A | ||
| Falls in last 12 months, n (%) |
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0 | 10 (56) | 20 (83) | ||
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1-2 | 8 (44) | 4 (17) | ||
| Freezing episodes in last month, n (%) |
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0 | 13 (72) | N/A | ||
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1 or more | 5 (28) | N/A | ||
aPD: Parksinson disease.
bMost affected side: side where the PD symptoms are most severe, as reported by the patients.
cN/A: not applicable.
dMAO-B: monamine oxidase B.
eMDS-UPDRS: Movement Disorders Society Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale.
f1 missing value.
gSpecific to PD: side effects of dopaminergic medication.
hAIMS: Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale.
iThis participant demonstrated facial synkinesis during the assessment.
jTUG: timed up and go test.