Table 2. The immune systems of mice and humans.
Adapted from (149).
| Mus musculus | Homo sapiens | |
|---|---|---|
| Evolutionary divergence | ~65 to 80 million years | |
| Genome | ~3.1 billion base pairs | |
| Size | Weight: ~20 to 30 g; length: 7.5 to 10 cm | Weight: ~62 kg: height: 163 cm (females), 176 cm (males) |
| Some differences in the innate immune system | TLR7 on pDCs, myeloid DCs (150) | TLR7 only on pDCs and B cells (150) |
| TLR9 on myeloid cells, pDCs and B cells (150) | TLR9 only on pDCs and B cells (150) | |
| TLR10: pseudogene (150) | TLR10: widely expressed (150) | |
| MyD88 knockout mice: impaired immunity to bacteria, viruses, and parasites (150) | MyD88 mutant humans: susceptible to invasive pathogenic bacterial infections, but normal immunity to many bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites (151) | |
| Some differences in the adaptive immune system | Ig subclasses: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG1, IgG2a*, IgG2b, IgG3, IgM (152) *absent in C57BL/6, /10, SJL, and NOD mice, which have IgG2c |
Ig subclasses: IgA1, IgA2, IgD, IgE, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgM (152) |
| Ig CDR-H3 region: shorter, less diverse (153) | Ig CDR-H3 region: longer, more diverse (153) | |
| Effect of γc deficiency: loss of T, NK, and B cells | Effect of γc deficiency: loss of T, NK, but normal B cells (154) | |
| Effect of IL-7R deficiency: blocks T and B cell development (154, 155) | Effect of IL-7R deficiency: only blocks T cell development (154, 155) | |