Table 2.
Drugs decreasing macrophage and mast cell infiltration and activation.
| Reference | Drug | Effect | Endometriosis Source | Experimental Model |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Haber et al., 2009 [102] | Liposomal bisphosphonate | Decline in endometriotic lesion volume | Rodent (rat) | Autotransplantation rat model |
| less macrophage infiltration | ||||
| Foster et al., 2019 [96] | Liposomal clodronate | Less macrophage infiltration | Human (pelvic endometriotic lesions) | In vitro culture; xenotransplantation murine model |
| Decrease in IGF-1 expression | ||||
| Linsitinib | Attenuation of hyperalgesia | |||
| Ihara et al., 2004 [103] | Leukotriene receptor antagonists | Lower stromal proliferation rates | Rodent (rat) | Autotransplantation rat model |
| Decline in mast cell infiltration and activation | ||||
| Guney et al., 2008 [104] | Melatonin | Decline in endometriotic lesion volume | Rodent (rat) | Autotransplantation rat model |
| Increased SOD and CAT activity | ||||
| Lower MDA levels | ||||
| Yildirim et al., 2009 [105] | Melatonin | Decline in endometriotic lesion volume | Rodent (rat) | Autotransplantation rat model |
| Increased SOD and CAT activity | ||||
| Schwertner et al., 2013 [106] | Melatonin | Alleviation of chronic pain | Human (pelvic endometriotic lesions) | Endometriosis patients with chronic pain |
| Improvement in dysmenorrhea and dyspareunia | ||||
| Improvement in dyschezia and dysuria | ||||
| Lower BDNF levels | ||||
| Iuvone et al., 2016 [107] | PEA | Decrease in mast cell numbers | Rodent (rat) | Autotransplantation rat model |
| Decline in endometriotic lesion volume | ||||
| Idraccolo et al., 2017 [108] | PEA + polydatin | Alleviation of chronic pain | Human (pelvic endometriotic lesions) | Endometriosis patients with chronic pain |
| Improvement in dysmenorrhea and dyspareunia | ||||
| No improvement in dyschezia |
PEA, ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide; IGF-1, insulin growth factor 1; SOD, superoxide dismutase; CAT, catalase; MDA, malondialdehyde; BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor.