. 2022 Oct 17;12(10):1727. doi: 10.3390/jpm12101727

Table 1.

Metabolites and their pathways which are different between autism spectrum disorder and control participants.

Significant Metabolites		Significant Pathways
Metabolite	Fold ∆	Pathway	Matched Metabolites	Impact
Cytidine ***	7.17	Histidine metabolism *	L-Histidine , 1-Methylhistamine *	0.31
Taurine **	4.52	Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis	Phenylpyruvate	0.05
5-Aminolevulinic acid **	0.22	Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis	Phenylpyruvate	0.05
Dodecanoic acid **	0.26	Glutathione metabolism	Glycine *, Pyroglutamic acid	0.10
Glycine **	3.77
1-Methylhistamine **	3.72
Adenosine triphosphate **	3.65
2,3,4,5-Tetrahydroxypentanoic acid **	3.63
4-Hydroxyproline **	0.28
Dihydroxyacetone **	3.27
4-Pyridoxic acid **	3.26
Phenylpyruvic acid **	0.31
2-Aminoisobutyric acid **	3.22
Xylitol **	3.21
Isobutyric acid *	3.20
Capric acid *	0.31
D-Leucic acid *	0.32
L-Histidine *	3.17
DL-Acetylcarnitine *	3.10
Ribitol *	3.05
L-3-Phenyllactic acid *	0.33
Pyroglutamic acid *	2.83
4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde *	0.37

* p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01; *** p ≤ 0.001. Metabolites in green are higher in the ASD sample while those in red are reduced in the ASD sample.