Table 2.
Modified composites for cardiac tissue engineering.
| Scaffold type | Cell type | Results | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| PU-GNT/NW composite scaffolds | H9C2 rat cardiomyocytes | More native morphology, increased proliferation and increased expression level of genes related to cardiac differentiation | (Ganji et al., 2016) |
| AuNPS–Cs thermosensitive hydrogels | MSCs | Survival and metabolism of mesenchymal stem cells, differentiation into cardiac lineage | (Baei et al., 2016) |
| Fullerenol/alginate hydrogel | BADSCs | Reducing the amount of oxidative stress, increasing the amount of angiogenesis and improving heart function | (Hao et al., 2017) |
| PCL/PEG/MWCNTs with FG-coating nanocomposite scaffolds | Mouse myoblasts | Increase in electrical conductivity, increase in wettability, distribution and proper development of myoblasts | (Mehdikhani and Ghaziof 2018) |
| GelMA-AuNWs hybrid hydrogels | Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes | Better biological activity, synchronous activity and faster spontaneous rate of cardiomyocytes | (Li et al., 2020) |
| PCL/Gt/CNT | ECS cells | Increasing biocompatibility, increasing the length of cells and an excellent candidate for making vessels | (Jiang et al., 2021) |
Graphene oxide: GO; Carbon nanotubes: CNT, Gold nanoparticles: AuNPs; Gelatin: Gt; polycaprolactone: PCL; polyethylene glycol: PEG; Chitosan: CS; mesenchymal stem cells: MSCs; Polyurethane: PU; Gold nanotube: GNT; MWCNTs: multi wall carbon nanotubes; Brown adipose-derived stem cells: BADSCs.