TABLE 1.
Emerging blood biomarkers for movement disorders
| Blood biomarker | Pathological correlate | Potential relevance to movement disorders | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Reduced plasma A‐beta‐42 | Alzheimer disease amyloid plaque pathology | Diagnosis of CBS‐AD, Prediction of PD‐D and DLB | 16, 25 |
| Reduced plasma A‐beta‐42/40 ratio | Alzheimer disease amyloid plaque pathology | Diagnosis of CBS‐AD, Prediction of PD‐D and DLB | 16, 25 |
| Elevated plasma/serum p‐tau‐181 and p‐tau‐217 | Alzheimer disease amyloid plaque pathology | Diagnosis of CBS‐AD, Prediction of PD‐D and DLB | 30, 31, 32, 34 |
| Elevated plasma/serum p‐tau‐181 and p‐tau‐217 | Alzheimer disease amyloid plaque pathology | Identification of AD co‐pathology in PDD and DLB | 36 |
| Elevated plasma/serum NFL | Release from damaged neurons | Diagnostic—Separation of PSP, CBS and MSA from PD | 20, 42 |
| Elevated plasma/serum NFL | Release from damaged neurons | Prognostic—predicting more severe disease course in PD | 44, 45, 51, 52 |
| Elevated plasma/serum NFL | Release from damaged neurons | Prognostic—predicting more severe disease course in PSP and MSA | 28, 47, 53, 54, 73 |
Abbreviations: AD, Alzheimer's disease; CBS‐AD, Corticobasal syndrome due to underlying Alzheimer disease pathology; DLB, dementia with Lewy bodies; MSA, multiple system atrophy; PD, Parkinson;s disease; PD‐D, Parkinson's disease with subsequent dementia; PSP, Progressive supranuclear palsy.