. 1999 Dec;63(4):923–967. doi: 10.1128/mmbr.63.4.923-967.1999

TABLE 18.

Other examples of archaeal stress or stress-related genes and proteins

Protein	Mass (kDa)	Organism	Presumed function	Inducer	Reference(s)
Superoxide dismutase	20	Halobacterium halobium	Scavenger of oxygen free radicals	Heat	17
Crx protein trio	40.8, 42.3, and 42.9	Methanobacterium bryantii	Copper or general resistance	Copper	147
Betaine transporter	NR^a	Methanosarcina thermophila TM-1	Maintenance of internal ionic balance	Osmotic stress	233
Inositol compounds	NR	Methanococcus igneus, Pyrococcus woesei, Pyrococcus furiosus	Maintenance of internal ionic balance	Osmotic stress	40, 193, 257
TrkA	44.1	Methanosarcina mazei S-6	Maintenance of internal K⁺ balance	Ammonia	164
DNA repair system	NR	Pyrococcus AL585	DNA repair	UV light	24
Prefoldin	14–23^b	Methanococcus jannaschii	Protein folding	NR	287
sHsp	NR	Methanococcus jannaschii	RNA stabilization, thermotolerance	NR	148
ClpB	NR	Methanosarcina acetivorans	Growth and survival at high temperatures; involved in proteolysis	NR	98
Bacterioruberin	NR	Haloferax mediterranei	Maintenance of internal ionic balance	Osmotic stress	68
Several, unidentified	22, 25, 40, 70, 55, and 90	Thermococcus peptonophilus	General stress protection	Heat and pressure	33
PPIase	19.4–31^c	Halobacterium cutirubrum	Acceleration of rate-limiting step in protein folding	NR	31, 83, 135, 136
	16 or 42^c	Methanococcus thermolithotrophicus	Acceleration of rate-limiting step in protein folding		31, 83, 135, 136
	NR	Methanococcus jannaschii
	17.6	Thermococcus sp. KS-1
Two, unidentified	90 and 150	Pyrococcus ES4	General stress protection	Cold shock	129
Several, unidentified	20, 22, 29, 30, 31, 32, 36, 42, and 88	Sulfolobus acidocaldarius	General stress protection	P starvation	221
17, unidentified	Mainly in the groups 21–28, 44–45, and 75–105	Haloferax volcanii	General stress protection	Hyposalinity	55
Proteasome	24 and 22^d	Methanosarcina thermophila TM-1	Protein degradation	NR	195, 196, 248, 263
	25.8 and 22.3^d	Thermoplasma acidophilum
	NR	Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum ΔH

NR, not reported.

Six subunits within the indicated size range.

Depends on the method used.

α- and β-subunits, respectively.